Controls

Controls you can read.

PLC programming in Structured Text, retrofit of ageing controllers, operator interfaces and machine data — for machines and buildings. With source code, drawings and documentation that belong to you.

Since 2010Sugar industryCargo-handling portsSemiconductor suppliersEducational buildingsWind energy

This page is about controlling machines and buildings. For office workflows — forms, CRM, invoices — see Automation.

Legal owner
Texni Labs
Document no.
TXL-STG-001
Date of issue
2026-10
Sheet
1 / 9
Title
Controls — service documentation
Approved
on order
Created
A. Makarov
Document type
Service documentation
Plant · location
=TEXNI +MUC
Rev.
A
Standard
DIN EN 81346-2:2010-05
Replaces
Smart Home

Where the software ends.

Above the terminal lie the program, parameters and network — that I deliver. From the terminal onwards come wiring, connection and testing — qualified electricians deliver that. The line is not a formality: it decides who is liable for what.

The boundary is at the terminal. 1122334455667788AABBCCDDEthernetEtherCATFSoE · Black ChannelMQTT → dataProcess imageProgram · parameters · network — Texni LabsThe boundary is at the terminal.Wiring · connection · testingqualified electricians or a registeredMeisterbetriebL+M24 V DCUVW=S3/5=S1/3=S4/6=S4/6=S3/5-PH1PanelWeb-HMI-XF1Switch-KF1ControllerTwinCAT 3 · CODESYS · Structured Text-TA1Converter-KF3-TF1-KF2-BW1-BG1-BG2-MB1-QM1-MB2-QM2-MA1M3~-SF1 Document no. TXL-STG-001 Sheet 2 / 9 Rev. A Document type Overview circuit diagram Standard DIN EN 81346-2:2010-05 Created A. Makarov The boundary is at the terminal. Program · parameters · network — TexniLabs-PH1PanelWeb-HMIEthernet-XF1Switch-KF1ControllerTwinCAT 3 · CODESYS · StructuredTextMQTT → data =S3/5=S1/3EtherCATFSoE · Black ChannelThe boundary is atthe terminal.-KF3-TF1-KF2-TA112345678Wiring · connection · testingqualified electricians or a registeredMeisterbetrieb1-BG12-BG23-MB14-MB25-BW16/7-SF18M3~-MA1-QM1-QM2
Overview circuit diagram of the reference plant (model): 25 kg bagging with dosing, weighing and conveyor belt. Shown in the switched-off state; letter codes per DIN EN 81346-2:2010-05.
Equipment list
DesignationFunctionMy workConnectionLocation
Operator panel (web HMI) Interface, roles, alarms =S3/5 Qualified electrician /2.1
Switch Network configuration Qualified electrician /2.3
Controller (industrial PC) Program in Structured Text =S1/3 Qualified electrician /2.5
Frequency converter Parameters, ramps Qualified electrician /2.6
EtherCAT coupler and I/O terminals Configuration, process image Qualified electrician /2.2
Weighing terminal Parameters, adjustment Qualified electrician /2.2
Safety terminals (TwinSAFE) Safety logic =S4/6 Qualified electrician /2.3
Load cell Integration in the program Qualified electrician /2.4
Proximity switch “bag in place” Integration in the program Qualified electrician /2.1
Light barrier “bag on belt” Integration in the program Qualified electrician /2.2
Valve coil, coarse dosing gate Control in the program Qualified electrician /2.2
Coarse dosing gate via -MB1 Qualified electrician /2.2
Valve coil, fine dosing gate Control in the program Qualified electrician /2.3
Fine dosing gate via -MB2 Qualified electrician /2.3
Motor, conveyor belt, 3~ via -TA1 Qualified electrician /2.6
Emergency stop, two-channel Evaluation via -KF2 =S4/6 Qualified electrician /2.5

Reference plant: a model, based on real bagging lines — not a client project.

The source code belongs to you.

I program controllers in Structured Text to IEC 61131-3 — on TwinCAT 3 and CODESYS, with C/C++ modules where needed. Every project lives in Git, is tested against a simulation model before the plant runs, and is handed over in full: commented source code without know-how protection, circuit diagrams, documentation. Whoever works on your plant after me does not start from scratch.

Scope

  • New machines, special-purpose machines, extensions
  • Structured Text to IEC 61131-3, C/C++ modules if required
  • Test against the simulation model before the first run
  • Software commissioning on site
  • Circuit diagrams and control documentation

Handover

  • Commented source code without know-how protection
  • Git history
  • Circuit diagrams
  • Documentation

Platforms: TwinCAT 3, TwinCAT 2, CODESYS, Siemens LOGO!

rNettoKg := fbWaage.rBruttoKg - rTaraKg;

CASE eSchritt OF
  E_Schritt.Tarieren:
    IF fbWaage.bStillstand THEN
      rTaraKg  := fbWaage.rBruttoKg;
      eSchritt := E_Schritt.Grobstrom;
    END_IF

  E_Schritt.Grobstrom:
    bKlappeGrob := TRUE;
    bKlappeFein := TRUE;
    IF rNettoKg >= rSollKg - rFeinanteilKg THEN
      bKlappeGrob := FALSE;
      eSchritt    := E_Schritt.Feinstrom;
    END_IF

  E_Schritt.Feinstrom:
    IF rNettoKg >= rSollKg - rNachstromKg THEN
      bKlappeFein := FALSE;
      tonBeruhigung(IN := FALSE);
      eSchritt    := E_Schritt.Beruhigung;
    END_IF

  E_Schritt.Beruhigung:
    tonBeruhigung(IN := TRUE, PT := T#400MS);
    IF tonBeruhigung.Q THEN
      // Nachstrom aus der letzten Abweichung lernen
      rNachstromKg := rNachstromKg + 0.5 * (rNettoKg - rSollKg);
      eSchritt     := E_Schritt.Endwaegung;
    END_IF
END_CASE
Excerpt from FB_Absackwaage of the reference plant — Structured Text, IEC 61131-3. Coarse and fine feed with a learning in-flight correction.

Before the last spare part is sold.

The SIMATIC S7-300 has been on discontinuation notice since 1 October 2025; Siemens is scheduled to supply spare parts until 2033. There is no obligation to retrofit — the reason to act is the spare-parts situation. I start with an inventory audit of fixed scope and then migrate in stages: to TwinCAT 3 or CODESYS, from TwinCAT 2 to TwinCAT 3, switched over during planned downtime.

Inventory audit — fixed scope

  • Backup of the program
  • Hardware inventory with delivery status
  • Commented documentation of the existing system
  • Risk list
  • Migration plan in stages

Migration

  • S7-300 → TwinCAT 3 or CODESYS
  • TwinCAT 2 → TwinCAT 3
  • Carry the logic over, do not translate it blindly
  • Switch-over during planned downtime
SIMATIC S7-300 / ET 200M availablephase-outspare parts onlyend 2022202320242025202620272028202920302031203220332034 today · As of October 2026 SIMATIC S7-300 / ET 200M availablephase-outspare parts onlyend 2022202420262028203020322034 today · As of October 2026
Source: Siemens Industry Online Support, entry ID 109824203 (V2.0, 03/2025). Earlier dates may apply to individual components.

An interface that stays silent in normal operation.

I build operator interfaces as web applications — for panel, browser and tablet — following the principles of ISA-101: greyscale in normal operation, colour only on deviation, from overview to detail in a few steps. Added to that: roles and permissions, an alarm concept that does not flash at every event, and machine data over MQTT — into your database, your dashboard, your analysis.

Bagging · overviewMode: Automatic
Bags per hour
420
Net weight, last bag
25.02 kg
Mean
25.01 kg
Pallet
32 of 40

Last bags · Target range

texni/ref/absack/betriebsart         "Automatik"
texni/ref/absack/waage/netto_kg      25.02
texni/ref/absack/linie/saecke_h      420
texni/ref/absack/sicherheit/nothalt  false
Normal operation — hence no colour. · MQTT topics of the reference plant

This page follows the same rule: colour means deviation. Red belongs to the heraldic animal — and to the emergency stop.

Restart only after reset.

Safety functions belong on certified safety technology. I have worked with it: TwinSAFE, SISTEMA calculation, risk assessment — most recently as part of a team through to the TÜV acceptance of a novel type of plant.

Press the emergency stop. Then try to restart the plant.

View A — operator station

Reset required. Restart only after reset.

View B — plant

Hopper coarse fine 0,00 kg Conveyor belt · Bags 0 v(t) conveyor belt STO

View C — GRAFCET

0Enable off · -PF1Emergency stop active1-SF4 flashesReset required2Enable onReady3Dosing · conveyor beltRunningSF1↓SF4↑SF2↑SF3SF1SF1SF1SF1 = 1: emergency stop unlatched (normally closed contact closed)

View D — safety function block, online

ESTOP fbNotHalt bChannel1 TRUEbChannel2 TRUEbRestart FALSE bRelease FALSEbReleaseDelayed FALSEbRestartRequired TRUE

Simplified. In practice a certified block of the safety controller.

The colours of this plate are prescribed by DIN EN 60204-1. Yellow, not red: after the emergency stop the plant is in a safe state — the lamp reports an abnormal, not a dangerous condition. Gates: stop category 0. Drive: stop category 1 — ramp, then safe torque off (STO). A model for illustration — not a safety verification. Safety functions run on certified safety technology, not in the browser.

Protection against corruption

From 20 January 2027 the new Machinery Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 applies: control systems must be protected against corruption, and interventions in the software must be provable. That includes roles and permissions, authentication, a change log and remote access that does not become a back door. For products with digital elements the Cyber Resilience Act comes on top: reporting obligations since 11 September 2026, full application from 11 December 2027. Conformity is declared by the manufacturer — I supply the control side of it and document it.

Section 56 has a deadline.

The German Building Modernisation Act (Gebäudemodernisierungsgesetz) has been in force since 29 July 2026. Non-residential buildings with more than 70 kilowatts of heating, air-conditioning or ventilation capacity need a building automation and control system by 31 December 2029 — unless it is technically not feasible or economically unreasonable. Required, among other things, are ongoing monitoring and analysis of consumption, a vendor-independent, freely configurable interface and automatic lighting control.

I plan and program this with KNX and DALI, with energy monitoring and visualisation — and with an open interface that belongs to you.

Source: Gebäudemodernisierungsgesetz (GModG), § 56; BGBl. 2026 I No. 226.

Installation plan of a non-residential building across three storeys 12345678ABCInstallation plan · non-residential building (model)2F1FGFKNX lineDALIPresence detectorRoom controllerMeterServer in thebuildingOpen interface · yoursystemsKNX busDALI lineData path Document no. TXL-STG-001 Sheet 7 / 9 Rev. A Document type Installation plan Standard DIN EN 81346-2:2010-05 Created A. Makarov Installation plan of a non-residential building across three storeys Installation plan · non-residentialbuilding (model)GF1F2FKNX lineDALIServer in the building → Open interface· your systems
Installation plan of a non-residential building (model): KNX line across three storeys, DALI lighting groups, meters, server in the building with an open interface.

Execution

Electrical installation & testing
ON Elektroanlagen · registered master electrician’s business · Munich
Refurbishment, flooring & interior fit-out
Coskun Fussbodentechnik & Innenausbau · Munich cf-fussbodentechnik.de (opens external site)Case study

Each company works in its own trade and under its own contract.

And in a home?

There too, only smaller: KNX when the building is being renovated anyway; wireless (Shelly, Zigbee, Matter) when the wall stays closed; Home Assistant as the hub. The hub runs inside the house. No vendor account, no cloud, no dependency on a server that gets switched off one day: the data never leaves the house.

Even the Shelly in the back box is an intervention in the electrical installation — it belongs in the hands of a qualified electrician.

Catalogue of works

In industry, in a team — before Texni Labs existed.

  1. Period
    2010–2013
    Place
    Poland
    Sector
    Sugar industry
    Work
    Production and packaging lines from the 1 kg pack via the 25/50 kg bag to palletising — control from A to Z
    Technology
    SIMATIC S7-300
    Role
    Automation technician
  2. Period
    2010–2013
    Place
    Poland
    Sector
    Cargo-handling ports
    Work
    Automatic dosing and bagging scales for cargo handling
    Technology
    SIMATIC S7-300
    Role
    Automation technician
  3. Period
    2019–2020
    Place
    Germering
    Sector
    Semiconductor suppliers
    Work
    Chillers for semiconductor testing; software for automatic configuration, parameterisation and calibration
    Technology
    Electronics, software
    Role
    Electronics technician
  4. Period
    2021–2025
    Place
    Munich
    Sector
    Public educational buildings
    Work
    KNX installations with over 1,500 elements; custom software for e-⁠exams
    Technology
    KNX/ETS, software
    Role
    Electronics technician, software developer
  5. Period
    2025–2026
    Place
    Germany
    Sector
    Wind energy
    Work
    Prototype of a novel type of plant: standard and safety control with TwinSAFE, SISTEMA report and risk analysis, remote control over MQTT with a custom web app — as part of a team through to TÜV acceptance and CE marking
    Technology
    TwinCAT 3, TwinSAFE, MQTT
    Role
    Software and PLC developer
  6. Period
    since 2026
    Place
    Munich
    Sector
    Texni Labs
    Work
    Control software, retrofit, operator interfaces, building automation
    Technology
    TwinCAT, CODESYS, KNX
    Role
    Owner

Without company names: the projects belong to the businesses I worked for.

What I do — and where the limit lies.

Elektroniker (electronics technician), specialising in energy and building technology: training in Munich, journeyman’s examination in 2023 before the Chamber of Crafts for Munich and Upper Bavaria — shortened to two years.

Planning, programming, software commissioning, visualisation and integration come from me. Work on the electrical installation itself — wiring, connection, testing — is done by your own qualified electricians or by a registered master electrician’s business (Meisterbetrieb), commissioned directly by you.

I prefer an honest limit to a convenient omission.

Product and brand names mentioned here — including Beckhoff, TwinCAT, TwinSAFE, EtherCAT, Siemens, SIMATIC, CODESYS and KNX — are trademarks of their respective owners. They are used solely to describe the service; no partnership or certification exists.

Tell me about your plant.

A first conversation without sales pressure: what is running, what is stuck, and what has to happen by when.

Request an inventory audit
Legal owner
Texni Labs
Document no.
TXL-STG-001
Date of issue
2026-10
Sheet
9 / 9
Title
Controls — service documentation
Approved
on order
Created
A. Makarov
Document type
Service documentation
Plant · location
=TEXNI +MUC
Rev.
A
Standard
DIN EN 81346-2:2010-05
Replaces
Smart Home